The support for political representation of non-humans is based on the ethical underpinning of deep ecology, growing recognition of the importance of sustainability, and increased societal support for animal rights and welfare.

The scientific article reflects on these developments using Bachelor students’ assignments from a Sustainable Business course, which asked them to reflect on the underlying principles of the PvdD. Student assignments indicate that educational efforts targeted at fostering ecological citizenship have a positive effect on the recognition and acceptance of ecocentric values.