Alerted by scientists, the European Commission, which oversees the management of fish stocks in European waters, warned of “a rapid decline” in cod stock “if no action is taken”.

“We must act urgently to rebuild the stock, both in the interests of fish stocks and fishermen,” said European Fisheries Commissioner Karmenu Vella in a statement.

The ban will last until 31 December, the EU said.

The commission acknowledged overfishing was not the only factor threatening Baltic cod, and warned of environmental factors “including a lack of salinity, too high water temperatures and too little oxygen, as well as parasite infestation.”