Geese and ducks undergo force-feeding, or gavage, for the production of foie gras. This involves forcing a funnel into a bird’s throat and pushing great quantities of food into their stomach to induce an abnormal growth and accumulation of fat in the liver.
Gavage can occur up to 3 times a day, and begins when the birds are approximately 12 weeks old. It lasts for around 12 to 16 days, when the birds are then slaughtered.
There are numerous welfare concerns related to the practice. Birds’ livers can end up being ten times their normal size, and the excess weight makes it difficult for the birds to walk, resulting in lameness and foot lesions. The feeding pipe can damage the birds’ esophagus, their internal organs can be ruptured, and the handling involved during force-feeding is stressful in itself. Of course, force-feeding also prevents birds from carrying out their normal feeding behaviour.
As well as undergoing gavage, in most foie gras-producing countries ducks and geese are kept in unsuitable housing during the gavage phase, usually in small cages with their head placed through an opening in the front so the neck is easy to grasp.
Force-feeding isn’t the only form of suffering to which ducks and geese are subjected. Many are also used for the production of items which contain feathers and down, such as pillows, duvets and winter coats. Birds can be “live plucked”, in other words, have their feathers ripped out, up to four times during their lifespan.
THE AGE AT WHICH GAVAGE BEGINS
OF FEATHERS AND DOWN COME FROM CHINA
FRENCH RESPONDENTS ARE IN FAVOUR OF BANNING FORCE-FEEDING
WHAT DOES THE PUBLIC THINK?
Only 5 out of 27 EU Member States continue to allow force-feeding of birds for the production of foie gras: France, Hungary, Bulgaria, Spain, and Belgium (Wallonia only). A 2018 survey in France by L214 demonstrated that 60% of respondents were in favor of a ban on force-feeding ducks and geese for the production of foie gras, compared to 44% in 2009.
The 2016 special Eurobarometer on animal welfare showed that 94% of EU citizens think protecting the welfare of farmed animals is important, and 82% think they should be better protected by the EU than they are now.
In 22 Member States force-feeding animals for foie gras production would lead to fines and/or arrest.
POLICY - CURRENT STATE OF PLAY
One reason for force feeding geese and ducks is due to the minimum weights for foie gras production, arbitrarily included in 1991, and still set out in Regulation (EC) No 543/2008, the poultry marketing regulation. The practice of force-feeding is in open contradiction with Directive 58/98 concerning the protection of animals kept for farming purposes where it states (point 14 of the ANNEX) that “Animals must be fed a wholesome diet which is appropriate to their age and species and which is fed to them in sufficient quantity to maintain them in good health and satisfy their nutritional needs. No animal shall be provided with food or liquid in a manner, nor shall such food or liquid contain any substance, which may cause unnecessary suffering or injury.”
No Member State has banned foie gras production, but force-feeding, either explicitly or as the logical interpretation of 58/98.
What we want
Eurogroup for Animals’ vision is to see a ban on both force-feeding for foie gras and live plucking. We will push for the abolition of the minimum liver weights required for the denomination of foie gras. As such, we are calling for a revision of the poultry marketing regulation and for clear labelling of all foie gras which has been produced without force feeding.
In collaboration with our member organisations that are working with the industry, we call for humane alternatives to live plucking for the production of down.
